7 research outputs found
Usporedba elektriÄkih nadomjesnih shema ljudskog zuba koriÅ”tenih za mjerenje duljine korijenskog kanala
An accurate determination of the root canal length, which is the most critical procedure in the endodontic treatment of a tooth, is commonly performed nowadays by electronic apex locators which are based on electrical impedance measurements. In this paper tooth impedances were measured in vitro on extracted tooth in alginate material using HP 4284A LCR meter and a specially designed stalk with a micrometer for precise ļ¬le positioning. In order to develop a more accurate measurement procedure human tooth was modeled by electrical equivalent circuit. Four new equivalent circuits comprising of resistors, capacitors and constant-phase elements were proposed in this paper and compared with four previously suggested circuits. Elements of equivalent circuits were determined by complex nonlinear least squares ļ¬tting using LEVM software. Different quality factors were deļ¬ned to describe the ļ¬t quality of a certain equivalent circuit at each ļ¬le position. The overall ļ¬tting efļ¬ciency in the region of ļ¬le positions of interest was calculated as well. A detailed discussion was given on equivalent circuit parameters that can be used to measure the root canal length. Upon these results the most appropriate equivalent circuit was selected and a new measurement procedure was proposed.ToÄno odreÄivanje duljine korijenskog kanala zuba, Å”to je najkritiÄniji postupak u endodontskom tretmanu, se uobiÄajeno danas provodi elektroniÄkim detektorima apeksa koji se temelje na mjerenju elektriÄne impedancije. U ovoj studiji su impedancije zuba izmjerene in vitro na izvaÄenom zubu uronjenom u alginat. KoriÅ”ten je HP 4284A LCR metar i posebno izraÄeni stalak s mikrometrom za precizno pozicioniranje endodontskog instrumenta u kanalu. U svrhu razvoja toÄnije mjerne metode ljudski je zub modeliran elektriÄkom nadomjesnom shemom. Äetiri nove nadomjesne sheme sastavljene od otpora, kapaciteta i elemenata s konstantnom fazom su predložene u ovom radu i usporeÄene s Äetiri ranije predložene nadomjesne sheme. Elementi nadomjesnih shema su izraÄunati metodom kompleksnih nelinearnih najmanjih kvadrata koriÅ”tenjem programa LEVM. Deļ¬nirano je viÅ”e faktora kvalitete kako bi se usporedilo svojstvo nadomjesnih shema da modeliraju izmjerenu impedanciju na pojedinim položajima endodontskog instrumenta u kanalu. IzraÄunati su i faktori kojima se usporeÄuje sveukupna eļ¬kasnost
nadomjesne sheme. Detaljno su objaŔnjeni parametri nadomjesnih shema koji se mogu koristiti za mjerenje duljine korijenskog kanala. Temeljem dobivenih rezultata odabrana je najpogodnija nadomjesna shema te je predložen novi mjerni postupak
Usporedba elektriÄkih nadomjesnih shema ljudskog zuba koriÅ”tenih za mjerenje duljine korijenskog kanala
An accurate determination of the root canal length, which is the most critical procedure in the endodontic treatment of a tooth, is commonly performed nowadays by electronic apex locators which are based on electrical impedance measurements. In this paper tooth impedances were measured in vitro on extracted tooth in alginate material using HP 4284A LCR meter and a specially designed stalk with a micrometer for precise ļ¬le positioning. In order to develop a more accurate measurement procedure human tooth was modeled by electrical equivalent circuit. Four new equivalent circuits comprising of resistors, capacitors and constant-phase elements were proposed in this paper and compared with four previously suggested circuits. Elements of equivalent circuits were determined by complex nonlinear least squares ļ¬tting using LEVM software. Different quality factors were deļ¬ned to describe the ļ¬t quality of a certain equivalent circuit at each ļ¬le position. The overall ļ¬tting efļ¬ciency in the region of ļ¬le positions of interest was calculated as well. A detailed discussion was given on equivalent circuit parameters that can be used to measure the root canal length. Upon these results the most appropriate equivalent circuit was selected and a new measurement procedure was proposed.ToÄno odreÄivanje duljine korijenskog kanala zuba, Å”to je najkritiÄniji postupak u endodontskom tretmanu, se uobiÄajeno danas provodi elektroniÄkim detektorima apeksa koji se temelje na mjerenju elektriÄne impedancije. U ovoj studiji su impedancije zuba izmjerene in vitro na izvaÄenom zubu uronjenom u alginat. KoriÅ”ten je HP 4284A LCR metar i posebno izraÄeni stalak s mikrometrom za precizno pozicioniranje endodontskog instrumenta u kanalu. U svrhu razvoja toÄnije mjerne metode ljudski je zub modeliran elektriÄkom nadomjesnom shemom. Äetiri nove nadomjesne sheme sastavljene od otpora, kapaciteta i elemenata s konstantnom fazom su predložene u ovom radu i usporeÄene s Äetiri ranije predložene nadomjesne sheme. Elementi nadomjesnih shema su izraÄunati metodom kompleksnih nelinearnih najmanjih kvadrata koriÅ”tenjem programa LEVM. Deļ¬nirano je viÅ”e faktora kvalitete kako bi se usporedilo svojstvo nadomjesnih shema da modeliraju izmjerenu impedanciju na pojedinim položajima endodontskog instrumenta u kanalu. IzraÄunati su i faktori kojima se usporeÄuje sveukupna eļ¬kasnost
nadomjesne sheme. Detaljno su objaŔnjeni parametri nadomjesnih shema koji se mogu koristiti za mjerenje duljine korijenskog kanala. Temeljem dobivenih rezultata odabrana je najpogodnija nadomjesna shema te je predložen novi mjerni postupak
A Clinical Evaluation of the Apex Locator - Endometer ES-02
Svrha ovoga rada bila je procijeniti pouzdanost elektronskog ureÄaja Endometer ES-02 kod toÄnog odreÄivanja duljine korijenskih kanala u kliniÄkim uvjetima. Endometer ES-02 ureÄaj radi na naÄelu mjerenja impedancije strujama viÅ”ih frekvencija. Mjerenje je izvrÅ”eno na 631 zubu (328 jednokorijenskih, 70 dvokorijenskih i 233 trokorijenska zuba). PoÅ”to je odstranjen sadržaj iz korijenskih kanala prema zahtjevima struke, korijenski su kanali isprani 2,6%-tnom otopinom Na-hipoklorita i posuÅ”eni papirnim Å”tapiÄima. Zatim se je izmjerila duljina korijenskoga kanala s pomoÄu Endometer ES-02 ureÄaja. Nakon uobiÄajenog endodontskog zahvata, korijenski su kanali napunjeni tehnikom hladne lateralne kondenzacije Diaket pastom i gutaperka Å”tapiÄima, prema veÄ odreÄenoj duljini Endometer ES-02 ureÄajem. Nakon endodontskoga zahvata svi su zubi rtg snimljeni. ToÄnost endodontskog ispuna raÄunali smo mjerenjem udaljenosti vrÅ”ka ispuna korijenskoga kanala od radioloÅ”koga vrÅ”ka korijena pomiÄnom mjerkom na rtg slici. UspjeÅ”nost Endometer ES-02 ureÄaja pri odreÄivanju toÄne duljine korijenskih kanala bila je 96,4%.The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the electronic apex locator, Endometer ES-02 in measurement of root canal length in clinical practice. The Endometer ES-02 instrument uses impedance of high frequency electric current. The sample consisted of 631 teeth (328 single rooted, 70 bi-rooted and 250 tri-rooted teeth). After extirpation of the pulp by pulp extirpators, the root canal was rinsed with the 2.6% NaOCl solution and dried by paper points. The root canal length was measured using an Endometer ES-02 instrument. After the standard endodontic procedure, the root canals were obturated with Diaket and gutta-percha points, based on the measurement result obtained by Endometer ES-02. The teeth were then X-rayed and accuracy of the procedure was evaluated by measuring the distance between radiographic apex and endodontic filling with a digital caliper. The accuracy of the procedure was 96.4%
A Clinical Evaluation of the Apex Locator - Endometer ES-02
Svrha ovoga rada bila je procijeniti pouzdanost elektronskog ureÄaja Endometer ES-02 kod toÄnog odreÄivanja duljine korijenskih kanala u kliniÄkim uvjetima. Endometer ES-02 ureÄaj radi na naÄelu mjerenja impedancije strujama viÅ”ih frekvencija. Mjerenje je izvrÅ”eno na 631 zubu (328 jednokorijenskih, 70 dvokorijenskih i 233 trokorijenska zuba). PoÅ”to je odstranjen sadržaj iz korijenskih kanala prema zahtjevima struke, korijenski su kanali isprani 2,6%-tnom otopinom Na-hipoklorita i posuÅ”eni papirnim Å”tapiÄima. Zatim se je izmjerila duljina korijenskoga kanala s pomoÄu Endometer ES-02 ureÄaja. Nakon uobiÄajenog endodontskog zahvata, korijenski su kanali napunjeni tehnikom hladne lateralne kondenzacije Diaket pastom i gutaperka Å”tapiÄima, prema veÄ odreÄenoj duljini Endometer ES-02 ureÄajem. Nakon endodontskoga zahvata svi su zubi rtg snimljeni. ToÄnost endodontskog ispuna raÄunali smo mjerenjem udaljenosti vrÅ”ka ispuna korijenskoga kanala od radioloÅ”koga vrÅ”ka korijena pomiÄnom mjerkom na rtg slici. UspjeÅ”nost Endometer ES-02 ureÄaja pri odreÄivanju toÄne duljine korijenskih kanala bila je 96,4%.The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the electronic apex locator, Endometer ES-02 in measurement of root canal length in clinical practice. The Endometer ES-02 instrument uses impedance of high frequency electric current. The sample consisted of 631 teeth (328 single rooted, 70 bi-rooted and 250 tri-rooted teeth). After extirpation of the pulp by pulp extirpators, the root canal was rinsed with the 2.6% NaOCl solution and dried by paper points. The root canal length was measured using an Endometer ES-02 instrument. After the standard endodontic procedure, the root canals were obturated with Diaket and gutta-percha points, based on the measurement result obtained by Endometer ES-02. The teeth were then X-rayed and accuracy of the procedure was evaluated by measuring the distance between radiographic apex and endodontic filling with a digital caliper. The accuracy of the procedure was 96.4%
Evaluation of Endometer ES-2 accuracy through control measurements of extracted teeth
This study was conducted in order to establish the precision of the Endometer ES-2 device in the assessment of the apical foramen position. The control method was the teeth extraction with the apical foramen position previously measured with the mentioned device. The study comprises 30 root canals of one- and multi-rooted teeth previously determined for the extraction. With 0.5 -1.0 mm tolerance, the precision of the Endometer ES-2 was96.6%, and with 2.0 mm tolerance, it was 100%. The results show that the Endometer ES-2 device is sufficiently reliable for the clinical us